A team led by Cesar Borlongan, director of the University of South Florida Center for Aging and Brain Repair, offers a new concept for how transplanted stem cells help prod the brain’s own repair mechanism following traumatic brain injury.
University of South Florida researchers have suggested a new view of how stem cells may help repair the brain following trauma. In a series of preclinical experiments, they report that transplanted cells appear to build a "biobridge" that links an uninjured brain site where new neural stem cells are born with the damaged region of the brain.
Their findings were recently reported online in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE.
"The transplanted stem cells serve as migratory cues for the brain's own neurogenic cells, guiding the exodus of these newly formed host cells from their neurogenic niche towards the injured brain tissue," said principal investigator Cesar Borlongan, PhD, professor and director of the USF Center for Aging and Brain Repair.
Based in part on the data reported by the USF researchers in this preclinical study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved a limited clinical trial to transplant SanBio Inc's SB632 cells (an adult stem cell therapy) in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Stem cells are undifferentiated, or blank, cells with the potential to give rise to many different cell types that carry out different functions. While the stem cells in adult bone marrow or umbilical cord blood tend to develop into the cells that make up the organ system from which they originated, these multipotent stem cells can be manipulated to take on the characteristics of neural cells.
To date, there have been two widely-held views on how stem cells may work to provide potential treatments for brain damage caused by injury or neurodegenerative disorders. One school of thought is that stem cells implanted into the brain directly replace dead or dying cells. The other, more recent view is that transplanted stem cells secrete growth factors that indirectly rescue the injured tissue.
The USF study presents evidence for a third concept of stem-cell mediated brain repair.
The researchers randomly assigned rats with traumatic brain injury and confirmed neurological impairment to one of two groups. One group received transplants of bone marrow-derived stem cells (SB632 cells) into the region of the brain affected by traumatic injury. The other (control group) received a sham procedure in which solution alone was infused into the brain with no implantation of stem cells.
At one and three months post-TBI, the rats receiving stem cell transplants showed significantly better motor and neurological function and reduced brain tissue damage compared to rats receiving no stem cells. These robust improvements were observed even though survival of the transplanted cells was modest and diminished over time.
The researchers then conducted a series of experiments to examine the host brain tissue.
At three months post-traumatic brain injury, the brains of transplanted rats showed massive cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells into neuron-like cells in the area of injury, the researchers found. This was accompanied by a solid stream of stem cells migrating from the brain's uninjured subventricular zone—a region where many new stem cells are formed – to the brain's site of injury.
In contrast, the rats receiving solution alone showed limited proliferation and neural-commitment of stem cells, with only scattered migration to the site of brain injury and virtually no expression of newly formed cells in the subventricular zone. Without the addition of transplanted stem cells, the brain's self-repair process appeared insufficient to mount a defense against the cascade of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death.
The researchers conclude that the transplanted stem cells create a neurovascular matrix that bridges the long-distance gap between the region in the brain where host neural stem cells arise and the site of injury. This pathway, or "biobridge," ferries the newly emerging host cells to the specific place in the brain in need of repair, helping promote functional recovery from traumatic brain injury.
Explore further: Tracking nanodiamond-tagged stem cells
More information: "Stem Cell Recruitment of Newly Formed Host Cells via a Successful Seduction? Filling the Gap between Neurogenic Niche and Injured Brain Site;" Naoki Tajiri, Yuji Kaneko, Kazutaka Shinozuka, Hiroto Ishikawa, Ernest Yankee, Michael McGrogan, Casey Case, and Cesar V. Borlongan; PLOS ONE 8(9): e74857. Published Sept. 4, 2013.
Medical Xpress on facebook
Related Stories
Tracking nanodiamond-tagged stem cells
Aug 05, 2013
A method that is used to track the fate of a single stem cell within mouse lung tissue is reported in a study published online this week in Nature Nanotechnology. The method may offer insights into the factors that determ ...
There's life after radiation for brain cells
Aug 12, 2013
Scientists have long believed that healthy brain cells, once damaged by radiation designed to kill brain tumors, cannot regenerate. But new Johns Hopkins research in mice suggests that neural stem cells, the body's source ...
Stem cells aid recovery from stroke
Jan 27, 2013
Stem cells from bone marrow or fat improve recovery after stroke in rats, finds a study published in BioMed Central's open access journal Stem Cell Research & Therapy. Treatment with stem cells improved the amount of bra ...
After brain injury, new astrocytes play unexpected role in healing
Apr 24, 2013
The production of a certain kind of brain cell that had been considered an impediment to healing may actually be needed to staunch bleeding and promote repair after a stroke or head trauma, researchers at ...
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may heal a mother's childbirth injury
Sep 17, 2013
Vaginal delivery presents the possibility of injury for mothers that can lead to "stress urinary incontinence" (SUI), a condition affecting from four to 35 percent of women who have had babies via vaginal delivery. Many current ...
Recommended for you
Target for new Rx class for inflammatory disorders discovered
2 minutes ago
Research led by Charles Nichols, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmacology at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, describes a powerful new anti-inflammatory mechanism that could lead to the development of new oral medications ...
Mice with human immune cells help researchers discover how the mosquito-borne virus depletes blood platelets
4 hours ago
Dengue fever, an infectious tropical disease found in more than 100 countries, has no cure and no vaccine. One reason why it has been difficult to develop new drugs for dengue fever is that there are no good ...
Certain type of fat could help humans lose weight
18 hours ago
(Medical Xpress)—A diet high in a certain type of fat may actually increase metabolism, according to recent research by Texas Tech University nutrition scientists.
Human skin wound dressings to treat cutaneous ulcers
19 hours ago
Researchers from Université Laval's Faculty of Medicine and CHU de Québec have shown that it is possible to treat venous ulcers unresponsive to conventional treatment with wound dressings made from human skin grown in vitro. ...
Resveratrol remains effective against cancer after the body converts it
21 hours ago
A chemical found in red wine remains effective at fighting cancer even after the body's metabolism has converted it into other compounds. This is an important finding in a new paper published in the journal Science Translational Me ...
Novel biomarker in saliva linked to stress, resilience
Oct 02, 2013
(Medical Xpress)—Concerned about the effect of stress on your health and well-being? If your answer is "yes," then Arizona State University professor Doug Granger is doing research that could impact you. Granger is pioneering ...
User comments
© Medical Xpress 2011-2013, Phys.org network
A team led by Cesar Borlongan, director of the University of South Florida Center for Aging and Brain Repair, offers a new concept for how transplanted stem cells help prod the brain’s own repair mechanism following traumatic brain injury.
University of South Florida researchers have suggested a new view of how stem cells may help repair the brain following trauma. In a series of preclinical experiments, they report that transplanted cells appear to build a "biobridge" that links an uninjured brain site where new neural stem cells are born with the damaged region of the brain.
Their findings were recently reported online in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE.
"The transplanted stem cells serve as migratory cues for the brain's own neurogenic cells, guiding the exodus of these newly formed host cells from their neurogenic niche towards the injured brain tissue," said principal investigator Cesar Borlongan, PhD, professor and director of the USF Center for Aging and Brain Repair.
Based in part on the data reported by the USF researchers in this preclinical study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved a limited clinical trial to transplant SanBio Inc's SB632 cells (an adult stem cell therapy) in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Stem cells are undifferentiated, or blank, cells with the potential to give rise to many different cell types that carry out different functions. While the stem cells in adult bone marrow or umbilical cord blood tend to develop into the cells that make up the organ system from which they originated, these multipotent stem cells can be manipulated to take on the characteristics of neural cells.
To date, there have been two widely-held views on how stem cells may work to provide potential treatments for brain damage caused by injury or neurodegenerative disorders. One school of thought is that stem cells implanted into the brain directly replace dead or dying cells. The other, more recent view is that transplanted stem cells secrete growth factors that indirectly rescue the injured tissue.
The USF study presents evidence for a third concept of stem-cell mediated brain repair.
The researchers randomly assigned rats with traumatic brain injury and confirmed neurological impairment to one of two groups. One group received transplants of bone marrow-derived stem cells (SB632 cells) into the region of the brain affected by traumatic injury. The other (control group) received a sham procedure in which solution alone was infused into the brain with no implantation of stem cells.
At one and three months post-TBI, the rats receiving stem cell transplants showed significantly better motor and neurological function and reduced brain tissue damage compared to rats receiving no stem cells. These robust improvements were observed even though survival of the transplanted cells was modest and diminished over time.
The researchers then conducted a series of experiments to examine the host brain tissue.
At three months post-traumatic brain injury, the brains of transplanted rats showed massive cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells into neuron-like cells in the area of injury, the researchers found. This was accompanied by a solid stream of stem cells migrating from the brain's uninjured subventricular zone—a region where many new stem cells are formed – to the brain's site of injury.
In contrast, the rats receiving solution alone showed limited proliferation and neural-commitment of stem cells, with only scattered migration to the site of brain injury and virtually no expression of newly formed cells in the subventricular zone. Without the addition of transplanted stem cells, the brain's self-repair process appeared insufficient to mount a defense against the cascade of traumatic brain injury-induced cell death.
The researchers conclude that the transplanted stem cells create a neurovascular matrix that bridges the long-distance gap between the region in the brain where host neural stem cells arise and the site of injury. This pathway, or "biobridge," ferries the newly emerging host cells to the specific place in the brain in need of repair, helping promote functional recovery from traumatic brain injury.
Explore further: Tracking nanodiamond-tagged stem cells
More information: "Stem Cell Recruitment of Newly Formed Host Cells via a Successful Seduction? Filling the Gap between Neurogenic Niche and Injured Brain Site;" Naoki Tajiri, Yuji Kaneko, Kazutaka Shinozuka, Hiroto Ishikawa, Ernest Yankee, Michael McGrogan, Casey Case, and Cesar V. Borlongan; PLOS ONE 8(9): e74857. Published Sept. 4, 2013.
Medical Xpress on facebook
Related Stories
Tracking nanodiamond-tagged stem cells
Aug 05, 2013
A method that is used to track the fate of a single stem cell within mouse lung tissue is reported in a study published online this week in Nature Nanotechnology. The method may offer insights into the factors that determ ...
There's life after radiation for brain cells
Aug 12, 2013
Scientists have long believed that healthy brain cells, once damaged by radiation designed to kill brain tumors, cannot regenerate. But new Johns Hopkins research in mice suggests that neural stem cells, the body's source ...
Stem cells aid recovery from stroke
Jan 27, 2013
Stem cells from bone marrow or fat improve recovery after stroke in rats, finds a study published in BioMed Central's open access journal Stem Cell Research & Therapy. Treatment with stem cells improved the amount of bra ...
After brain injury, new astrocytes play unexpected role in healing
Apr 24, 2013
The production of a certain kind of brain cell that had been considered an impediment to healing may actually be needed to staunch bleeding and promote repair after a stroke or head trauma, researchers at ...
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may heal a mother's childbirth injury
Sep 17, 2013
Vaginal delivery presents the possibility of injury for mothers that can lead to "stress urinary incontinence" (SUI), a condition affecting from four to 35 percent of women who have had babies via vaginal delivery. Many current ...
Recommended for you
Target for new Rx class for inflammatory disorders discovered
2 minutes ago
Research led by Charles Nichols, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmacology at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, describes a powerful new anti-inflammatory mechanism that could lead to the development of new oral medications ...
Mice with human immune cells help researchers discover how the mosquito-borne virus depletes blood platelets
4 hours ago
Dengue fever, an infectious tropical disease found in more than 100 countries, has no cure and no vaccine. One reason why it has been difficult to develop new drugs for dengue fever is that there are no good ...
Certain type of fat could help humans lose weight
18 hours ago
(Medical Xpress)—A diet high in a certain type of fat may actually increase metabolism, according to recent research by Texas Tech University nutrition scientists.
Human skin wound dressings to treat cutaneous ulcers
19 hours ago
Researchers from Université Laval's Faculty of Medicine and CHU de Québec have shown that it is possible to treat venous ulcers unresponsive to conventional treatment with wound dressings made from human skin grown in vitro. ...
Resveratrol remains effective against cancer after the body converts it
21 hours ago
A chemical found in red wine remains effective at fighting cancer even after the body's metabolism has converted it into other compounds. This is an important finding in a new paper published in the journal Science Translational Me ...
Novel biomarker in saliva linked to stress, resilience
Oct 02, 2013
(Medical Xpress)—Concerned about the effect of stress on your health and well-being? If your answer is "yes," then Arizona State University professor Doug Granger is doing research that could impact you. Granger is pioneering ...
User comments
© Medical Xpress 2011-2013, Phys.org network
0 comments:
Post a Comment