Thursday, 9 April 2015

Low-cost incubator gently warms hypothermic infants



by Mike Williams



Rice University students Amanda Boone, left, and Carissa Livingston peer through the window of their senior engineering team's incubator which they designed to help newborns in developing countries recover from neonatal hypothermia. Credit: Jeff Fitlow

Rice University students have built a unique incubator for hypothermic infants that can be flat-packed and shipped at minimal cost anywhere in the world.



The lightweight designed and built at Rice's Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen uses a pair of heating pads and a sophisticated configuration of simple materials to keep an infant's body temperature stable.


The IncuBaby team built the incubator as its capstone design project, required of most graduating engineering students at Rice. They expect their final prototype to travel to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, this summer, where it will be evaluated by staff who work closely with Rice 360˚: Institute for Global Health Technologies.


The project represents what the students hope is the last in a series of incubators intended to give the neonatal wards of hospitals in developing nations much-needed equipment at a reasonable cost. IncuBaby is designed to gently raise the core temperature of an infant experiencing hypothermia, a dangerous condition in which the baby's temperature falls below 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit).


The team designed the incubator for wards that have a steady supply of power, choosing to focus on keeping an infant's environment appropriate to raise its core temperature. That required electronics to monitor the baby's temperature and control heating pads set into double-wall plywood panels in one wall and the floor.


"There have been a lot of solutions in the past for incubator designs, but they all fell short in one area or another," said bioengineering major Carissa Livingston. "Others haven't necessarily prioritized safety or they focused on short-term solutions you would find outside of a hospital, like warming up some sort of a sleeping bag to keep a baby warm for about three hours.


This video is not supported by your browser at this time.


"We want to focus on creating low-cost but safe incubators and make it suitable for in-hospital settings, so we incorporated temperature feedback to automatically adjust to the temperature of the baby to keep the baby at an optimal, non-hypothermic temperature," she said. "That's something you see in a lot of incubators in the developed world but you don't see it at all in developing countries."


One other difference, she said, is that hospital incubators cost as much as $35,000. Parts for the Rice device cost about $250, and the IncuBaby team hopes to keep its production version between $300 and $400.


Livingston is one of five seniors who have worked on the project since last fall. Joining her are mechanical engineering major Amanda Boone and bioengineering majors Bailey Flynn, Caleb Owsley and Zaid Haque.


The current version, their fourth prototype and the one they will enter into Rice's upcoming Engineering Design Showcase, consists of two boxes: One to hold the baby and one to hold the electronics and readouts. Both are made primarily of laser-cut plywood, with acrylic windows in the top and front and polystyrene foam for insulation in the hollow walls that don't contain heating pads.


The team wrestled with the decision to design the incubator in a way that could be replicated in-country or manufactured elsewhere and shipped. "This box could be easily laser-cut in-country, if they have access to the equipment, but there are other constraints," Boone said. "The acrylic and foam are a lot easier to get in the United States, so we designed it so it could be fabricated here and flat-packed for assembly on-site."



Team members, from left, Amanda Boone, Bailey Flynn, Caleb Owsley, Carissa Livingston and Zaid Haque. Credit: Jeff Fitlow


Another consideration was making the incubator big enough for many babies. "Primarily, it's meant for neonates," Flynn said. "Typically, hypothermic neonates would be premature, so they're smaller than a normal baby, but we wanted our box to be able to accommodate infants as well.


"We also have to allow room for the doctor to be able to access the infant, and in case the child has any medical equipment that has to be in the box," she said.


Without access to a baby for testing, the team used an IV bag connected to a beaker on a hot plate to simulate an infant's core temperature. "A lot of the work we've done has been testing," Owsley said. "Our goal is to make something really simple and user-friendly. If you're putting a fragile life in there, you're going to want a lot of validation."



A heating pad nestles between the plywood walls of the IncuBaby team's incubator, designed to help infants recover from neonatal hypothermia by controlling the temperature inside based on the baby's core temperature. Credit: Jeff Fitlow


Flynn will remain at Rice this summer to work on the project, which she expects will be taken over by an associate at Rice 360˚ after it returns from Malawi. "There are still aspects that need to be added or tweaked," she said.


"The challenge has been to get it to a place where it works pretty well and there won't be much left to do," Boone said. Features they hope to add before they graduate include a fabric band to secure the probe to the infant and a weaning setting.



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by Mike Williams



Rice University students Amanda Boone, left, and Carissa Livingston peer through the window of their senior engineering team's incubator which they designed to help newborns in developing countries recover from neonatal hypothermia. Credit: Jeff Fitlow


Rice University students have built a unique incubator for hypothermic infants that can be flat-packed and shipped at minimal cost anywhere in the world.



The lightweight designed and built at Rice's Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen uses a pair of heating pads and a sophisticated configuration of simple materials to keep an infant's body temperature stable.


The IncuBaby team built the incubator as its capstone design project, required of most graduating engineering students at Rice. They expect their final prototype to travel to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, this summer, where it will be evaluated by staff who work closely with Rice 360˚: Institute for Global Health Technologies.


The project represents what the students hope is the last in a series of incubators intended to give the neonatal wards of hospitals in developing nations much-needed equipment at a reasonable cost. IncuBaby is designed to gently raise the core temperature of an infant experiencing hypothermia, a dangerous condition in which the baby's temperature falls below 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit).


The team designed the incubator for wards that have a steady supply of power, choosing to focus on keeping an infant's environment appropriate to raise its core temperature. That required electronics to monitor the baby's temperature and control heating pads set into double-wall plywood panels in one wall and the floor.


"There have been a lot of solutions in the past for incubator designs, but they all fell short in one area or another," said bioengineering major Carissa Livingston. "Others haven't necessarily prioritized safety or they focused on short-term solutions you would find outside of a hospital, like warming up some sort of a sleeping bag to keep a baby warm for about three hours.


This video is not supported by your browser at this time.


"We want to focus on creating low-cost but safe incubators and make it suitable for in-hospital settings, so we incorporated temperature feedback to automatically adjust to the temperature of the baby to keep the baby at an optimal, non-hypothermic temperature," she said. "That's something you see in a lot of incubators in the developed world but you don't see it at all in developing countries."


One other difference, she said, is that hospital incubators cost as much as $35,000. Parts for the Rice device cost about $250, and the IncuBaby team hopes to keep its production version between $300 and $400.


Livingston is one of five seniors who have worked on the project since last fall. Joining her are mechanical engineering major Amanda Boone and bioengineering majors Bailey Flynn, Caleb Owsley and Zaid Haque.


The current version, their fourth prototype and the one they will enter into Rice's upcoming Engineering Design Showcase, consists of two boxes: One to hold the baby and one to hold the electronics and readouts. Both are made primarily of laser-cut plywood, with acrylic windows in the top and front and polystyrene foam for insulation in the hollow walls that don't contain heating pads.


The team wrestled with the decision to design the incubator in a way that could be replicated in-country or manufactured elsewhere and shipped. "This box could be easily laser-cut in-country, if they have access to the equipment, but there are other constraints," Boone said. "The acrylic and foam are a lot easier to get in the United States, so we designed it so it could be fabricated here and flat-packed for assembly on-site."



Team members, from left, Amanda Boone, Bailey Flynn, Caleb Owsley, Carissa Livingston and Zaid Haque. Credit: Jeff Fitlow


Another consideration was making the incubator big enough for many babies. "Primarily, it's meant for neonates," Flynn said. "Typically, hypothermic neonates would be premature, so they're smaller than a normal baby, but we wanted our box to be able to accommodate infants as well.


"We also have to allow room for the doctor to be able to access the infant, and in case the child has any medical equipment that has to be in the box," she said.


Without access to a baby for testing, the team used an IV bag connected to a beaker on a hot plate to simulate an infant's core temperature. "A lot of the work we've done has been testing," Owsley said. "Our goal is to make something really simple and user-friendly. If you're putting a fragile life in there, you're going to want a lot of validation."



A heating pad nestles between the plywood walls of the IncuBaby team's incubator, designed to help infants recover from neonatal hypothermia by controlling the temperature inside based on the baby's core temperature. Credit: Jeff Fitlow


Flynn will remain at Rice this summer to work on the project, which she expects will be taken over by an associate at Rice 360˚ after it returns from Malawi. "There are still aspects that need to be added or tweaked," she said.


"The challenge has been to get it to a place where it works pretty well and there won't be much left to do," Boone said. Features they hope to add before they graduate include a fabric band to secure the probe to the infant and a weaning setting.



Medical Xpress on facebook


Related Stories


Inflatable incubator wins 2014 James Dyson award


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An inflatable baby incubator has won the $45,000 James Dyson award. The inventor said it can match the performance of systems at far higher prices. This is a prototype, designed as an inflatable incubator, ...



Babalung gets babies breathing again


date Apr 13, 2012

(Medical Xpress) -- Rice University students have developed an inexpensive, battery-powered neonatal monitor for infants that could save many lives in the developing world.



Cold spots contaminated in high humidity incubators


date Dec 16, 2011

Microbes in human incubators, like those found in neonatal intensive care units, grow most robustly on cold spots when the relative humidity is at least 60 percent, according to a paper in the December 2011 issue of the journal ...



Six-day-old baby has youngest US heart transplant (Update)


date Feb 12, 2015

A six-day old premature baby has become the youngest infant to receive a heart transplant at a US hospital, doctors and her proud parents said Thursday.



Baby Bubbler a breath of fresh air (w/ Video)


date Jun 07, 2010

Gently, gently. That's how babies should be handled, and it was the prime consideration when a team of Rice University seniors developed a device that could save babies' lives.





Recommended for you



Scientists confirm better test for acute kidney injury in children


date Apr 07, 2015

Yale researchers compared two markers for acute kidney injury (AKI), an increasingly common condition affecting thousands of hospitalized patients each year. The Yale team members and their co-authors found ...




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date Apr 06, 2015

(HealthDay)—Neonatal intubation competency can be modeled using a Bayesian statistical model, according to a study published online April 6 in Pediatrics.




2014 bronchiolitis guidelines focus on avoiding interventions


date Apr 06, 2015

(HealthDay)—The 2014 new and updated guidelines for management of bronchiolitis largely focus on tests or treatments to avoid, according to a perspective piece published online April 6 in Pediatrics.




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Two young men in their late teens sit in adjacent rooms of an inner-city emergency room. One is getting care for injuries he suffered in a fight, the other, for a sore throat. When the nurse tells each one he can go, both ...




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