The Women's Health Initiative Studies, a large prospective study of lung cancer, found no strong associations between lung cancer risk and a wide range of reproductive history variables and only revealed weak support for a role of hormone use in the incidence of lung cancer.
In the United States 40% of the 160,000 deaths from lung cancer are women. In men 90% of lung cancer deaths are associated with tobacco usage; however in women this number is around 75-80%. Female never-smokers are more likely to develop lung cancer than male never-smokers and the histological subtype of lung cancer is different between men and women. Women have a better prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 20% compared to 15.4% for men. Given these gender differences there is a need to understand the potential role of reproductive factors and hormone use in determining lung cancer risk in women.
The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials enrolled a geographically and ethnically diverse cohort of 161,808 postmenopausal women age 50-79 years between 1993 and 1998 at 40 centers across the United States. Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and hormone therapy replacement was evaluated in the 160,855 women eligible to be included in the analysis. Incident lung cancer was observed in 2,467 and the median follow-up was 14 years.
The results published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, the official journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, show that women with previous use of estrogen plus progestin (< 5 years) were at a slightly reduced risk for lung cancer. Increasing age at menopause trended towards reduced risk whereas increasing number of children trended towards increased risk. Those who were age 20-29 at the birth of their first child had reduced risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but not all lung cancer. Risk estimates for hormone therapy usage and previous surgery to remove both ovaries varied with tobacco exposure history.
The authors conclude "our study does not support the idea that reproductive history independently contributes to lung cancer risk, and recapitulates the inconsistent findings within epidemiologic literature on lung cancer risk and reproductive history measures. Likewise, the epidemiologic literature is also inconsistent with regard to the role of hormone use in lung cancer risk and the overall results presented by our study suggest that oral contraceptives and hormone therapy use are not associated with risk of lung cancer." The lead author Ann G. Schwartz, Deputy Center Director, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University and member of IASLC, cautions that "questions remain about estrogen and lung cancer risk that will not easily be answered by studies focusing on hormone use and emphasizes that the interplay between cigarette smoking, estrogen, genetic susceptibility and lung cancer is complex and continued study is necessary to tease apart these relationships."
Explore further: Lung cancer now top cancer killer for women in rich nations
Journal reference: Journal of Thoracic Oncology
Provided by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
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The Women's Health Initiative Studies, a large prospective study of lung cancer, found no strong associations between lung cancer risk and a wide range of reproductive history variables and only revealed weak support for a role of hormone use in the incidence of lung cancer.
In the United States 40% of the 160,000 deaths from lung cancer are women. In men 90% of lung cancer deaths are associated with tobacco usage; however in women this number is around 75-80%. Female never-smokers are more likely to develop lung cancer than male never-smokers and the histological subtype of lung cancer is different between men and women. Women have a better prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 20% compared to 15.4% for men. Given these gender differences there is a need to understand the potential role of reproductive factors and hormone use in determining lung cancer risk in women.
The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials enrolled a geographically and ethnically diverse cohort of 161,808 postmenopausal women age 50-79 years between 1993 and 1998 at 40 centers across the United States. Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and hormone therapy replacement was evaluated in the 160,855 women eligible to be included in the analysis. Incident lung cancer was observed in 2,467 and the median follow-up was 14 years.
The results published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, the official journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, show that women with previous use of estrogen plus progestin (< 5 years) were at a slightly reduced risk for lung cancer. Increasing age at menopause trended towards reduced risk whereas increasing number of children trended towards increased risk. Those who were age 20-29 at the birth of their first child had reduced risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but not all lung cancer. Risk estimates for hormone therapy usage and previous surgery to remove both ovaries varied with tobacco exposure history.
The authors conclude "our study does not support the idea that reproductive history independently contributes to lung cancer risk, and recapitulates the inconsistent findings within epidemiologic literature on lung cancer risk and reproductive history measures. Likewise, the epidemiologic literature is also inconsistent with regard to the role of hormone use in lung cancer risk and the overall results presented by our study suggest that oral contraceptives and hormone therapy use are not associated with risk of lung cancer." The lead author Ann G. Schwartz, Deputy Center Director, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University and member of IASLC, cautions that "questions remain about estrogen and lung cancer risk that will not easily be answered by studies focusing on hormone use and emphasizes that the interplay between cigarette smoking, estrogen, genetic susceptibility and lung cancer is complex and continued study is necessary to tease apart these relationships."
Explore further: Lung cancer now top cancer killer for women in rich nations
Journal reference: Journal of Thoracic Oncology
Provided by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
Medical Xpress on facebook
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Hormone therapy linked to better survival after lung cancer diagnosis in women
Survival among people with lung cancer has been better for women than men, and the findings of a recent study indicate that female hormones may be a factor in this difference. The combination of estrogen plus progesterone ...
Lung cancer now top cancer killer for women in rich nations
For the first time, lung cancer has passed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths for women in rich countries.
Early recall rates decline after second round of lung cancer screening
The German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI) shows that the early repeat scan rate for suspicious findings decreased by more than 80% with the second and subsequent low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screens, ...
Metformin may lower lung cancer risk in diabetic nonsmokers
Among nonsmokers who had diabetes, those who took the diabetes drug metformin had a decrease in lung cancer risk, according to a study in Cancer Prevention Research, a journal of the American Association ...
A shorter time to the first cigarette of the day is associated with risk of lung cancer
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