Tuesday, 31 March 2015

Pulmonary embolism risk scoring could guide treatment, ease burden on EDs



by Dama Ewbank



Greg Fermann, MD, an associate professor in UC’s Department of Emergency Medicine, was recently named the department’s executive vice chairman.

An analysis led by University of Cincinnati (UC) emergency medicine researchers shows that a simplified severity scoring tool for pulmonary embolism could be used in emergency departments to guide treatment decisions and, ultimately, ease the burden placed on emergency departments and hospitals.



The analysis appears in the March 2015 edition of Academic Emergency Medicine, the official journal for the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.


Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in one of the arteries leading to the lungs. It is life-threatening and most often caused by a (DVT)—e.g., a blood clot in the leg or pelvis—that travels to the lungs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates as many as 900,000 people (1 to 2 per 1,000) could be affected by PE/DVT each year in the United States.


"Patients with symptoms of pulmonary embolism who enter emergency departments in the United States are overwhelmingly admitted to the hospital," says Gregory Fermann, MD, professor and executive vice chairman of UC College of Medicine's Department of Emergency Medicine. "Outside the U.S., with are much more likely to be treated and released directly from the ."


Fermann and team set out to determine if the widely accepted prognostic tool called the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) could be used to stratify patients according to risk and guide . The simplified PESI score allows risk stratification using physiological criteria.


To do this, the team analyzed results from the international EINSTEIN-PE study, a multi-site, open-label randomized phase III trial comparing treatments for PE. They were able to determine simplified PESI scores for more than 4,800 of the patients enrolled in EINSTEIN-PE.


PESI scores of 0, 1 and ≥2 were given based on specific criteria related to age, health history, pulse, blood pressure and oxygen levels.


With scores in hand, Fermann and team were able to show that patients with PESI scores of 0 or 1 were less likely to experience fatal PE or other adverse outcomes within their first 7, 14, and 30 days post treatment. Patients with PESI scores of ≥2 had more frequent adverse outcomes.


They also showed major bleeding to be lower in the group of EINSTEIN-PE study patients who were given rivaroxaban, noting it was particularly lower in the rivaroxaban patients with simplified PESI scores of 1 or ≥2. Rivaroxaban (marketed under the brand name Xarelto) is an oral anti-coagulant (blood-thinning) medication developed together by Janssen and Bayer HealthCare.


"The results of this analysis provide further support that of PE patients may allow a cohort of low-risk patients to be treated in a clinical decision unit or by a closely monitored outpatient strategy, rather than an inpatient setting," says Fermann. "But while physiological criteria such as the PESI score are important, the decision to admit or discharge a patient is also based on sociobehavioral factors, like the patient's ability to go to a primary care provider or to get their medicine."



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by Dama Ewbank



Greg Fermann, MD, an associate professor in UC’s Department of Emergency Medicine, was recently named the department’s executive vice chairman.


An analysis led by University of Cincinnati (UC) emergency medicine researchers shows that a simplified severity scoring tool for pulmonary embolism could be used in emergency departments to guide treatment decisions and, ultimately, ease the burden placed on emergency departments and hospitals.



The analysis appears in the March 2015 edition of Academic Emergency Medicine, the official journal for the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.


Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage in one of the arteries leading to the lungs. It is life-threatening and most often caused by a (DVT)—e.g., a blood clot in the leg or pelvis—that travels to the lungs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates as many as 900,000 people (1 to 2 per 1,000) could be affected by PE/DVT each year in the United States.


"Patients with symptoms of pulmonary embolism who enter emergency departments in the United States are overwhelmingly admitted to the hospital," says Gregory Fermann, MD, professor and executive vice chairman of UC College of Medicine's Department of Emergency Medicine. "Outside the U.S., with are much more likely to be treated and released directly from the ."


Fermann and team set out to determine if the widely accepted prognostic tool called the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) could be used to stratify patients according to risk and guide . The simplified PESI score allows risk stratification using physiological criteria.


To do this, the team analyzed results from the international EINSTEIN-PE study, a multi-site, open-label randomized phase III trial comparing treatments for PE. They were able to determine simplified PESI scores for more than 4,800 of the patients enrolled in EINSTEIN-PE.


PESI scores of 0, 1 and ≥2 were given based on specific criteria related to age, health history, pulse, blood pressure and oxygen levels.


With scores in hand, Fermann and team were able to show that patients with PESI scores of 0 or 1 were less likely to experience fatal PE or other adverse outcomes within their first 7, 14, and 30 days post treatment. Patients with PESI scores of ≥2 had more frequent adverse outcomes.


They also showed major bleeding to be lower in the group of EINSTEIN-PE study patients who were given rivaroxaban, noting it was particularly lower in the rivaroxaban patients with simplified PESI scores of 1 or ≥2. Rivaroxaban (marketed under the brand name Xarelto) is an oral anti-coagulant (blood-thinning) medication developed together by Janssen and Bayer HealthCare.


"The results of this analysis provide further support that of PE patients may allow a cohort of low-risk patients to be treated in a clinical decision unit or by a closely monitored outpatient strategy, rather than an inpatient setting," says Fermann. "But while physiological criteria such as the PESI score are important, the decision to admit or discharge a patient is also based on sociobehavioral factors, like the patient's ability to go to a primary care provider or to get their medicine."



Medical Xpress on facebook


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First recommendations on all new oral anticoagulants in pulmonary embolism published


date Aug 30, 2014

The first recommendations on the use of all new oral anticoagulants in pulmonary embolism are published today in new ESC Guidelines. The guidelines are launched at ESC Congress by Professor Stavros V. Konstantinides (Germany/Greece) ...



Risk of pulmonary embolism greatest during first week following total joint replacement


date Feb 07, 2012

The elevated risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) – a blood clot that travels from the leg to the lungs – following total joint replacement (TJR) surgery has been well established, yet little is known about the natural ...



Analysis finds mixed results for use of thrombolytic therapy for blood clot in lungs


date Jun 17, 2014

In an analysis that included data from 16 trials performed over the last 45 years, among patients with pulmonary embolism, receipt of therapy to dissolve the blood clot (thrombolysis) was associated with lower rates of death, ...



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date Nov 06, 2014

(HealthDay)—Hospitalizations for pulmonary embolism (PE) are higher in the winter and lower in the summer, according to a study published online Oct. 31 in the Journal of Thrombosis and Homeostasis.





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